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Random Walk
The Random Walk model was originally proposed to emulate the unpredictable movement of particles in physics. It is also referred to as the Brownian Motion. Because some mobile nodes are believed to move in an unexpected way, Random Walk mobility model is proposed to mimic their movement behavior [3]. The Random Walk model has similarities with the Random Waypoint model because the node movement has strong randomness in both models. We can think the Random Walk model as the specific Random Waypoint model with zero pause time.
However, in the Random Walk model, the nodes change their speed and direction at each time interval. For every new interval  , each node randomly and uniformly chooses its new direction  from  . In similar way, the new speed follows a uniform distribution from  . Therefore, during time interval  , the node moves with the velocity vector . If the node moves according to the above rules and reaches the boundary of simulation field, the leaving node is bounced back to the simulation field with the angle of  or , respectively.
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